Year 1932: The tragic end of the embroiderer of the Independence flag

What are the events that marked Albanians and the world in 1932?

In Albania, the crisis of loans for development, taken from Italy in 1929, deepens. In 1932 and 1933, Albania could not make the interest payments, for which Rome increased the pressure by demanding that Tirana appoint the Italians who will lead the gendarmerie, which Albania to join the customs union with Italy, for Italy to take control of the country's sugar, telegraph and electricity monopoly, for Italian to be taught in schools and for Italian settlers to be accepted. Ahmet Zogu refused, but cut the budget by 30 percent, fired Italian military advisers, and nationalized Italian-run Catholic schools in the northern part of the country.

In 1932, in Constanta, Romania, the corcar Gjergj Bubani opened the newspaper "Kosova". The newspaper had four pages (one issue had 16 and another 18) with texts in Albanian, Romanian and French. Dhimitër Pasko (Mitrush Kuteli), Ali Asllani, Kristo Luarasi, Selami Çela etc. also helped in the publication of the newspaper. The newspaper defended the right of self-determination of Kosovo and Chameria, the autonomy of Macedonia with an Albanian canton, the reforms and consolidation of the independence of Albania and the cooperation between the Albanians of Albania, the occupied areas and the colonies in the diaspora. The newspaper closes in 1933. In November 1943, Gjergj Bubani was the editor-in-chief of the daily "Bashkimi i Kombit" where Kutel's "Kosovo Poem" is published. The director of this daily was Akile Tasi, while the editor was Mustafa Greblleshi. In 1944, Bubani was condemned by the communists as a "war criminal". In the indictment formulated on February 12, 1945, it was accused "of having become a tool of enemy propaganda as an agitator, propagandist... He wrote articles about the occupier and against the people's war". Although he did not accept the charge, he was sentenced to 15 years of imprisonment, confiscation of movable and immovable property and the loss of civil and political rights. He is sent to drain the swamp of Maliq. He was released after five years and died crushed in 1954. The Communists also arrested Akile Tas, who died in prison in 1961. Akile (graduated in Bologna) was the brother of Koço Tas (lawyer graduated in Rome), who in 1941 was the first governor of Kosovo and who has great merit in opening Albanian schools in the liberated lands (including those in Macedonia). Akile was previously Minister of Culture, while Koço was Minister of Justice in Albania. Koço was also arrested in November 1944. On April 13, 1945, he was sentenced by the Special Court to life imprisonment and hard labor. In October 1964, he was released from prison and settled in Shkodër. He passed away on May 15, 1966.

Among the main world events in 1932, there are also these: the British authorities arrest and exile Mahatma Gandhi; Koreans fail to assassinate Japanese Emperor Hirohito; Japan declares Manchuria independent of China, installing puppet emperor Puyi. The latter will be the subject of the film "The Last Emperor" from 1987, directed by Bernardo Bertolucci.

In 1932, Germany was seething with political developments. Paul von Hindenburg defeats Adolf Hitler in the election and is named the country's president. The acting chancellor, Heinrich Bruning, bans the Nazi paramilitary groups SA and SS, as they threaten public order. But the violence of these paramilitary groups does not stop when five members of the SA group kill the communist Konrad Pietrzuch. The murderers are sentenced to death, but they are released after pressure from the Nazis. This was because the new chancellor, Franz von Papen, was weak and hoped to have Hitler's support. Von Papen falls from power on September 12, with a motion of no confidence. In the November 1932 elections, the Nazis become the largest party in the Reichstag. The new Chancellor is appointed Kurt von Schleicher, but is opposed by Hitler who demands "all or nothing" for himself. Hitler becomes chancellor a year later, to rule as dictator until 1945, and sparking World War II that left 40 million civilians and 20 million soldiers dead in 1939-1945.

In 1932 these names were born: singers Johnny Cash and Little Richard; writer John Updike; actors Omar Sharif, Peter O'Toole and Elizabeth Taylor; directors Milos Forman and Andrei Tarkovsky, poet Sylvia Plath; the president of France in the years 1995-2007, Jacques Chirac, as well as the writer, philosopher, critic, essayist ... Umberto Eco.

In 1932, the academician and activist of the Albanian issue in Kosovo, Fehmi Agani, was born; children's writer Odhise Grillo; the historian Kristaq Prifti; director Kujtim Spahivogli; actress Tinka Kurti, cameraman Rudolf Sopi; translators Robert Schvarc and Naum the priest; the painter Omer Kaleshi.

In Italy, in 1933, the Venice Film Festival is held for the first time, while Germany presents the first autobahn.

In 1932, the signatory of the Declaration of Independence of Albania, Iljaz bey Vrioni, died - prime minister, several times minister and diplomat of the Albanian state. The publisher and publicist Sotir Peci and Marigo Posio - the embroiderer of the Albanian Independence flag - also died. According to researcher Niko Kotherja, Posio died blind. Meanwhile, tuberculosis took almost her entire family: her son Vaso, who finished the Conservatory in America; daughter Fereniqi, with whom she published the newspaper "Shpresa nationala"; the other daughter Liri, who ended the few days of her life next to her mother. Marigo, on February 6, 1921, started publishing the newspaper "Shpresa Kombëtare" - the first newspaper published by Albanian women in Albania. /Telegraph/