Interpretation of the blood count: What do those abbreviations mean and what do their values ​​point to!

Blood tests clearly show whether the organism is healthy, whether there are inflammatory processes, any disease, anemia, infection, nutritional status of the organism and exposure to toxic substances and similar

When it comes to laboratory blood testing, it implies two types of analyses: those that are oriented towards researching the type, number, ratio and appearance of cellular elements of the blood (blood count, hematological parameters) and others, with which the biochemical composition of the blood is verified and based on this, the work or condition of certain organs and tissues is ascertained.

The complete blood count includes the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets, erythrocyte constant (MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW), platelet constant (MPV, PDW), differential blood count (leukocyte subtype: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes), hemoglobin and hematocrit.

To avoid wondering what the incomprehensible abbreviations next to the numbers on the paper the lab technician gave you represent, we advise you to carefully read this text and learn what the reference values ​​for the blood test are, reports the Telegraph.

Understanding abbreviations

RBC – erythrocytes (red blood cells) circulate oxygen from the lungs and other parts of the body;
WBC - leukocytes (white blood cells) serve to protect the body from bacteria, viruses and fungi;
PLT - thrombocytes (blood platelets) take part in the creation of coagulation and the cessation of bleeding;
Hb – hemoglobin concentration;
hct - the participation of blood cells or hematocrit in the total volume of blood;
MCV – average volume of erythrocytes;
LLC – average concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes;
RDW – distribution width of erythrocytes, distribution of erythrocytes according to size;
MTV – average platelet volume percentage.

Erythrocytes

Erythrocytes or red blood cells are blood cells that contain hemoglobin and participate in the circulation of oxygen bound to hemoglobin from the lungs and other tissues.

Normal values ​​– 3,86 x 1012/l to 5,08 x 1012/l for women and from 4,34 x 1012/l to 5,72 x 1012/l for men.

Low values ​​are most often a sign of anemia or blood loss due to bleeding. Elevated values ​​can be caused by hemoconcentration conditions of the organism, in polycythemia, but also in healthy people.

Leukocytes

Leukocytes or white blood cells are created in the bone marrow and protect the body from infections. Participate in the immune response. There are five different types of white blood cells and they are all part of the body's defense against invading infectious and other harmful substances.

Normal values ​​– 3.9 – 10×109/l.

The increased number of leukocytes in the body means a bacterial infection. The reduced number of leukocytes marks the viral disease, in case of application of some medicines, chemotherapy, leukocytosis, in stressful situations...

Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin represents elements of red blood cells. It circulates oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. With each breath, the blood in the lungs receives oxygen and precisely thanks to hemoglobin distributes it to all tissues and organs.

Normal concentration – 110-180 g/L.

Decreased concentration indicates anemia. The increased concentration is in states of chemoconcentration of the organism and in polycythemia.

Hematocrit

Hematocrit represents the volume of erythrocytes in the whole unit of blood.

Normal values ​​- for women 0.356 - 0.470 L/l and for men 0.41 - 0.53 L/l. Elevated hematocrit values ​​are seen in dehydration and shock.

Hematocrit is reduced in pregnancy, while it also decreases with age. It is also reduced in anemia, leukemia, increased thyroid gland function (hyperthyroidism), cirrhosis of the liver, burns and infections.

Platelets

Thrombocytes are cells that participate in blood coagulation.

Normal values ​​– 140-450 x 109/l.

Excess platelets cause increased blood clotting and can lead to the formation of blood clots in the cardiovascular system. Lack of platelets (thrombocytopenia) causes a bleeding tendency, platelets are reduced in chemotherapy, malignant diseases, hepatitis, etc.

Erythrocyte constants

Erythrocyte constants are calculated from the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit and provide information on the quality of erythrocytes.

MCV (mean cell volume) - the size of erythrocytes - normal values ​​are from 81 - 99 fl;

MCH (mean cell hemoglobin) – the average amount of hemoglobin in the erythrocyte – normal values ​​are from 29-32.9 pg;

LLC (mean cell hemoglobin concentration) - the average concentration of hemoglobin in erythrocytes - normal values ​​are from 310 - 350 g/l;

RDW (red cell distribution width) – distribution of erythrocytes by volume – normal values ​​are from 11,5-16,5%.

Sedimentation of erythrocytes

Sedimentation does not enter directly into the control of the blood picture, but is recommended and mainly done in the case of hematological analyses, because it indicates the possible existence of the disease and is transmitted in the case of all diseases. This value represents the rate at which erythrocytes are layered at the bottom of a vertically placed test tube.

The normal speed of sedimentation of erythrocytes excludes the existence of the disease, while the indicator for further research is accelerated.

Normal values ​​– 2-12 mm/h

Sedimentation is accelerated in inflammation, cell destruction, poisoning, in pregnancy and after birth, in TB, rheumatic diseases... It is slowed down in newborns, polycythemia, heart failure, allergic conditions, some types of anemia...

Blood biochemical parameters

The appearance of the serum – normal: clear and brilliant-yellow;

It can be weakly lipemic (slightly turbid), lipemic (turbid) and milky lipemic (very turbid), indicating increased fat in the blood. Often these results are achieved because the patient does not adhere to the rules of not consuming food 12 hours before donating blood. The serum may be red due to hemolysis and icteric due to increased bilirubin values.

Glucose – normal values ​​from 3,5-6,1 mmol/l.

Elevated values ​​appear in diabetics, while decreased in hypoglycemia of various causes.

Kidney condition

urea – normal values ​​from 1,7-8,3 mmol/l.

creatinine – normal values ​​for men from 62-106; while for women from 44-80 umol/l.

Increased values ​​appear in kidney diseases. Elevated urea, while normal creatinine can also be the result of a diet rich in protein. Increased creatinine values ​​can be a consequence of increased physical activity or taking steroids. Decreased values ​​appear in pregnant women and women in general.

Electrolytes

Sodium normal: 139-154 mmol/l.
Decreased values ​​appear in patients with diseased kidneys.

potassium - normal: 3,8-5,3 mmol/l.
Elevated values ​​appear in kidney patients.

Condition of joints

Sour urine - normal values ​​for men from 200-420; for women 140-340 umol/L.

Elevated values ​​appear in arthritis (layering of urine acid crystals in the joints);

Decreased concentration has no diagnostic significance.

Fats in the blood

Cholesterol – recommended < 5,2; high > 6,2 mmol/l.
HDL cholesterola (good) – Recommended > 1,54; low < 1,0 mmol/l.

Low HDL cholesterol values ​​are of diagnostic importance. In that case, there is an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The higher the HDL cholesterol values, the better, because this cholesterol "cleans" the blood vessels.

LDL cholesterol (bad) – recommended < 2,6; high > 4,1 mmol/l.

Increased values ​​are usually associated with improper nutrition and stress. Then the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases increases, first of all, arteriosclerosis.

Triglycerides - recommended < 1,7; high > 2,3 mmol/l. Elevated values ​​are most often a sign of non-compliance with the rules to consume food 12 hours before blood sampling. Decreased values ​​have no diagnostic significance.

Liver condition

OTHER – normal value from 8-41 IJ/I.
Elevated values ​​indicate acute liver damage, most often caused by antibiotic therapy, consumption of carbonated drinks and similar.

AST – normal value from 7-38 IJ/I.
Increased values ​​indicate significant liver damage or any other disease (eg any muscle disease);

GT range – normal values ​​for men from 8-40; for women from 5-35IJ/I. Elevated values ​​most often appear in alcoholics and are a sign of liver damage.

Bilirubin generally – Normal values ​​from 1,1-18,8 umol/l.

Elevated values ​​appear in liver damage and bile duct obstruction. Decreased values ​​have no diagnostic significance.

bones

Alkaline phosphatase – normal value for adults 0-270; children up to 810 IJ/I.

One form of alkaline phosphatase is involved in building bones. Elevated values ​​may indicate increased bone breakdown and the possible development of osteoporosis. In developing children, the value of this parameter is increased.

Pancreas

S-alpha amylase – normal: 28-100 IJ/I.
U-alpha amylase – normal: – 0-450 IJ/I.
Elevated level indicates disorder of pancreatic function. – 0-450 IJ/I.

Bone marrow

Iron – normal for men from 10,6-28,3; for women 6,6-26,0 umol/l.

Together with hemoglobin, erythrocytes and parameters that determine the morphology of erythrocytes (MCV, MCH and MCHC) provide a picture of the state of the bone marrow. Determining only iron has no significance for determining the diagnosis of anemia, Telegrafi reports.

Other blood parameters

fibronogen – normal: 2-4 g/l.

It is a non-specific parameter. It is great for acute and chronic diseases, malignancies, a large number of diseases, various inflammations, etc. Decreased values ​​have no diagnostic significance.

proteins

Normal: 66-87 g/l.

Decreased values ​​are a sign of damage to the synthetic function of the liver, except in pregnancy when decreased values ​​often appear. Elevated values ​​may indicate problems with kidney dysfunction.

(PT) – Prothrombin time – normal: < 1,3 INR.

PT is determined for patients before surgery, as well as for patients who are on anticoagulant therapy when the expected values ​​are from 2,0-4,5 INR. /Telegraph/